Is it possible to get hpv from gardasil

Should the third dose be repeated? If an HPV vaccine dose is administered at less than the recommended minimum interval then the dose should be repeated. The repeat third dose should be repeated 5 months after the first dose or 12 weeks after the invalid third dose, whichever is later. Does the 2-dose HPV vaccine schedule need to be completed with the same vaccine, or can it include different vaccines such as bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine?

The 2-dose schedule can be completed with any combination of HPV vaccine brands as long as dose 1 was given before age 15 years. If dose 1 of HPV vaccine was given before the 15th birthday and it has been more than a year since that dose was given, would the series be complete with just one additional dose?

Adolescents and adults who started the HPV vaccine series prior to the 15th birthday and who are not immunocompromised are considered to be adequately vaccinated with just one additional dose of HPV vaccine. We have adolescents in our practice who have received the first 2 doses of the HPV series 1 or 2 months apart according to the 3-dose schedule. Can we consider their HPV vaccine series to be complete or do we need to give these patients a third dose?

Is the 2-dose recommendation retroactive for children and teens vaccinated prior to ? Any person who ever received 2 doses of any combination of HPV vaccines can be considered fully vaccinated if dose 1 was given before the 15th birthday and the 2 doses were separated by at least 5 months.

I work with university students and many of them miss coming in on time for their next dose of HPV vaccine. What's the longest interval allowed before we need to start the series over?

No vaccine series needs to be restarted because of an interval that is longer than recommended with the exception of oral typhoid vaccine in certain circumstances. You should continue the series where it was interrupted.

I have read that HPV vaccine should not be administered to pregnant women. Do we need to perform a pregnancy test prior to administering this vaccine to our patients? Currently, we ask about pregnancy prior to providing the vaccine. HPV vaccine is not recommended for use in pregnant women. HPV vaccines have not been associated causally with adverse outcomes of pregnancy or adverse events in the developing fetus.

However, if a woman is found to be pregnant after initiating the vaccination series, the remainder of the series should be delayed until completion of pregnancy.

Pregnancy testing is not needed before vaccination. If a vaccine dose has been administered during pregnancy, no intervention is needed. We inadvertently gave HPV vaccine to a woman who didn't know she was pregnant at the time. How should we complete the schedule? You should withhold further HPV vaccine until she is no longer pregnant. After the pregnancy is completed, administer the remaining doses of the series using the usual 2- or 3-dose schedule depending on the age at initiation of the series.

Can HPV vaccine be administered at the same time as other vaccines? Yes, administration of a different inactivated or live vaccine, either at the same visit or at any time before or after HPV vaccine, is acceptable because HPV is not a live vaccine.

If HPV vaccine is given subcutaneously instead of intramuscularly, does the dose need to be repeated? No data exist on the efficacy or safety of HPV vaccine given by the subcutaneous route. All data on efficacy and duration of protection are based on a vaccine series administered by the intramuscular route. In the absence of data on subcutaneous administration, CDC and the manufacturer recommend that a dose of HPV vaccine given by any route other than intramuscular should be repeated.

There is no minimum interval between the invalid subcutaneous dose and the repeat dose. Contraindications are the following: HPV vaccine is contraindicated for persons with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to any vaccine component, including yeast.

The precaution to HPV vaccine is a moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever. Vaccination should be deferred until the condition improves. HPV vaccines are not recommended for use in pregnant women. If a woman is found to be pregnant after starting the vaccination series, the remainder of the 2 or 3-dose series depending on the age of first HPV vaccination should be delayed until completion of pregnancy.

If a woman has had HPV infection, can she still be vaccinated? Women who have evidence of present or past HPV infection may be vaccinated. They should be advised that the vaccine will not have a therapeutic effect on existing HPV infection or cervical lesions. Can a woman who is breastfeeding receive HPV vaccine?

Is the history of an abnormal Pap test a contraindication to the HPV vaccine series? Even a woman found to be infected with a strain of HPV that is present in the vaccine could receive protection from the other strains in the vaccine. The rates and severity of adverse reactions following each dose of 9vHPV were similar between boys and girls. We've heard stories in the media about severe reactions to the HPV vaccine.

Is there any substance to these stories? Among all reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System VAERS following HPV vaccines, the most frequently reported symptoms overall were dizziness; fainting; headache; nausea; fever; and pain, redness, and swelling in the arm where the shot was given. Although deaths have been reported among vaccine recipients none has been conclusively shown to have been caused by the vaccine.

You can find complete information on this and other vaccine safety issues at www. Do HPV vaccines cause fainting? Nearly all vaccines have been reported to be associated with fainting syncope.

However, it is not known whether the vaccines are responsible for post-vaccination syncope or if the association with these vaccines simply reflects the fact that adolescents are generally more likely to experience syncope. Syncope can cause serious injury. Falls that occur due to syncope after vaccination can be prevented by having the vaccinated person seated or lying down. The person should be observed for 15 minutes following vaccination.

The vaccine must not be frozen. Protect the vaccine from light. Administer as soon as possible after being removed from refrigeration. The manufacturer package insert contains additional information and can be found at www. For complete information on vaccine storage and handling best practices and recommendations please refer to CDC's Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit at www. Back to top This page was updated on October 22, This page was reviewed on February 17, Immunization Action Coalition.

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Minus Related Pages. HPV is transmitted through intimate interactions between an infected person and an uninfected person. They do not have to have intercourse. Genital-to-genital contact can spread the virus. Yes, a woman can pass the infection to a partner as well as to her baby during birth, although the latter is fairly uncommon.

While the infection is most commonly transmitted through intercourse, the virus can also be passed to one's partner during genital-to-genital contact or oral sex. In rare instances, mothers with genital HPV can pass the virus to their baby during vaginal delivery. A small number of these babies go on to develop recurrent respiratory papillomatosis RRP , a condition in which tumors grow in the throat or lungs, sometimes causing hoarseness, difficulty breathing, talking, and swallowing.

While the tumors can be surgically removed, they tend to grow back. Some people with RRP require regular surgical intervention. RRP can also cause a disease of the lungs that resembles cystic fibrosis. A link between HPV and miscarriage, premature delivery or other complications has not been found. Although the HPV vaccine has not been found to cause harm to a woman or her fetus, it is recommended to wait until after delivery to start or continue with the series.

You should wait until after you deliver to get the remaining doses of vaccine. There is no indication that the vaccine causes harm to you or your unborn baby, but it is recommended to wait just to be safe.

After you deliver, you can get the remaining doses. The CDC has a great information page about the different test results and what they mean. Although there is no approved test for men to know their "HPV status," most HPV infections resolve without causing any problems.

The problems caused by HPV in men can include genital warts, anal and penile cancers, or cancers of the oropharynx. There are ways to check for those:. Although no specific treatments for HPV exist, supportive treatments for the health problems caused by HPV are available. The CDC has an excellent fact sheet related to men and HPV that can provide you with a wealth of additional information.

No antiviral drugs are available to treat HPV. Most HPV infections, however, clear on their own in a few years without causing any health problems. While there are no treatments for the infection, there are supportive treatments for the health problems caused by HPV, such as genital warts and cancers. While the symptoms of HPV can be treated, currently, there is not a way to treat the infection.

For example, genital warts can be removed, but they may return. If a woman has changes to the cells of her cervix, she may have a procedure to remove or kill the abnormal cells.

However, some cells may still contain HPV. There is not a way to know for certain, which is why regular follow-ups are important. The vaccine may be protective against strains to which the individual was not previously exposed, so some people can still benefit from vaccination after having HPV. The LEEP procedure does not rid you of an HPV infection, and therefore, it is important to get follow-up testing as suggested by your healthcare provider.

HPV virus does not have a state of dormancy, so if you are still infected, the virus will continue to replicate. But because the virus can only be detected indirectly using the HPV test or the Pap test to look at cervical cells, it can be difficult to tell whether someone without symptoms is infected. This can depend on factors, such as the type of HPV that caused the infection and individual differences between people. For example, some people will be HPV-free within six months of the procedure; whereas, others may still be infected up to 18 months later.

However, if you are still infected, you can transmit the virus to future partners who are not immune to that type of HPV. The vaccine only protects people against types of HPV to which they were not previously exposed. It does not treat an existing infection or protect against that type of HPV. A Pap test is one in which cells isolated from the cervix are examined under a microscope for precancerous changes caused by a persistent, or long-term, HPV infection.

A test that specifically detects HPV is also available. Although this test does measure the presence of HPV virus in the cervical cells, it does not provide information about whether that infection will remain long term or eventually cause cancer.

Because many younger women get an HPV infection that is cleared by their immune systems, the HPV test can often be positive, causing unnecessary concern; therefore, it is not recommended for most women younger than 30 years of age. Pap tests identify changes to cervical cells that could lead to cervical cancer; however, the types of HPV that cause cervical cancer are rarely associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis RRP.

Therefore, you could have had an infection with one of the types that cause RRP and continue to have normal Pap tests. Also, HPV can infect cells without causing the types of precancerous changes that lead to an abnormal Pap smear. The types of HPV that cause genital warts typically differ from those that cause cervical cancer. Since a Pap test is meant to identify cellular changes that could potentially lead to cervical cancer, it does not provide information about HPV infections with types that cause genital warts.

For this reason, your Pap test results do not mean that you did not get infected with HPV when your boyfriend had it. The good news is that for many people, the infection will clear without any symptoms, so you may never experience genital warts like your boyfriend did. If you have an abnormal Pap test, an HPV test may be suggested to determine if human papillomavirus DNA is present in the cells of the cervix.

If the results of the HPV test are positive, your doctor will determine how frequently you should be tested. In addition to HPV and Pap tests, a colposcopy or biopsy may be suggested. A colposcopy visualizes the cells of the cervix and a biopsy takes a sample of cervical cells. Women are recommended to get their first Pap test at age 21, and then once every three years until they turn Women who are 30 to 65 years old should have both Pap and HPV tests performed every five years, or a Pap test alone every three years.

Women who have an irregular Pap test or who are at risk due to other factors, such infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV or previous diagnosis of cervical cancer, may be required to get tested more frequently. Positive results mean that your cervix has the types of HPV commonly linked to cervical cancer; however, a positive result does not mean you have cervical cancer. Based on the results, your doctor will determine how frequently you should be tested and whether other tests should be performed.

Currently, HPV tests are recommended for all women 30 years and older and any woman 21 to 29 years old who has had an irregular Pap test. Sexually transmitted disease STD testing is not the same for every person as it depends upon individual risk factors. For HPV, there is no test for males. The Mayo Clinic has a good discussion regarding how to determine what STD tests you may need and what is available.

The HPV vaccine does not contain all types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer; therefore, it is important to continue getting Pap tests. You should still get the HPV vaccine even if you have had an abnormal Pap test because even if you have been infected with HPV, it is not likely that you have been infected with all of the types that the vaccine protects against.

So, you can still benefit from protection afforded by the HPV vaccine. The immune system takes one to two weeks to generate immunity to vaccines or infections. In the case of HPV vaccine, the first dose and the second one if the person is on the three-dose series generates a primary immune response, so people will have some immunity, but protection can vary from one person to another.

The last dose given at least six months after the first dose is important because it enhances the memory immune response. A person will have the greatest protection beginning about one to two weeks after receiving their last dose of the vaccine. The HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescents between 9 and 12 years of age, and all teenagers and adults between 13 and 26 years of age who did not get the vaccine when they were younger.

Individuals between 27 and 45 years of age can also discuss vaccination with their healthcare provider and receive the vaccine if they decide it can protect them from HPV infection.

Learn more about why adolescents are recommended to get this vaccine by watching this short video. Learn more about the recommendations related to those older than 26 years of age by watching this short video. People who have received one dose of the HPV vaccine may have some protection, but the additional dose or doses depending upon age offer additional protection.

Further, if you or your partner were already infected with a type of HPV, the vaccine will not prevent transmission of that HPV type. You should talk with your healthcare provider to see if they know whether you were vaccinated and if so, what type of HPV vaccine you received and how many doses were given.

However, if that is not an option and you are uncertain, you can still get the vaccine. Extra doses are not likely to have negative effects. No, people who have been vaccinated against HPV do not need to be revaccinated after giving birth.

Typically, people with HPV have not been infected with all of the types contained in the vaccine, so the vaccine could protect them from types to which they have not been exposed previously. However, the vaccine will not help treat or protect against types of HPV to which the person has already been exposed.

For those 15 years of age and younger, the HPV vaccine is now given in two doses. So, depending on your age, you may not need a third dose:. However, because the vaccine protects against additional types of the virus, individuals may still reasonably get the vaccine. In this case, the person should speak with their healthcare provider regarding the relative benefits associated with this choice. You would just get the last dose with the current vaccine option.

Cervarix and Gardasil-4 are no longer available in the United States. If you are younger than 15 years old and your first two doses were separated by at least six months, you do not need any additional doses. You can start by checking with your primary healthcare provider. If you cannot get the vaccine from their office, you can also check with your gynecologist, the local health department or a local pharmacy. The manufacturer, Merck, also has an adult vaccine locator on their website that might be of help.

A few studies have looked at this and none have found that receiving the HPV vaccine causes girls to become promiscuous or engage in sexual activity at an earlier age. The study found no differences between the two groups in regard to the incidence of pregnancies, tests for or diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases STDs , and contraceptive counseling.

The HPV vaccine was introduced in , and according to an article published in the July issue of Pediatrics , use of the HPV vaccine resulted not only in lower rates of infection among those who were vaccinated, but also, to some degree, in those who have not been vaccinated. This phenomenon is commonly known as herd immunity.

Women who received three doses of Cervarix experienced strong protection against new infections with HPV types 31, 33, and 45 To date, protection against infections with the targeted HPV types has been found to last for at least 10 years with Gardasil 18 , up to 11 years with Cervarix 17 , and at least 6 years with Gardasil 9 Long-term studies of vaccine efficacy that are still in progress will help scientists better understand how long protection lasts Like other immunizations that guard against viral infection, HPV vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies that, in future encounters with HPV, bind to the virus and prevent it from infecting cells.

However, they closely resemble the natural virus, and antibodies against the VLPs also have activity against the natural virus.

The VLPs have been found to be strongly immunogenic, which means that they induce high levels of antibody production by the body.

This makes the vaccines highly effective. The vaccines do not prevent other sexually transmitted diseases, nor do they treat existing HPV infections or HPV-caused disease. The combination of HPV vaccination and cervical screening can provide the greatest protection against cervical cancer. Not only does vaccination protect vaccinated individuals against infection by the HPV types targeted by the vaccine that is used and possibly other types, depending on the extent of cross protection , but vaccination can also reduce the prevalence of the vaccine-targeted HPV types in the population, thereby reducing infection in individuals who are not vaccinated a phenomenon called herd protection, or herd immunity.

For example, in Australia, where a high proportion of girls are vaccinated with Gardasil, the incidence of genital warts went down during the first 4 years of the vaccination program among young males—who were not being vaccinated at the time—as well as among young females Further evidence that large-scale HPV vaccination confers protection for unvaccinated individuals comes from a meta-analysis of girls-only HPV vaccination programs in 14 high-income countries that included 60 million vaccinated people Similarly, a study of women aged 20—29 years in one US region found that within about 10 years of vaccine introduction, the prevalence of HPV types targeted by the vaccine decreased in both vaccinated and unvaccinated women, providing evidence of both direct and herd protection In addition, the vaccines may reduce the need for screening and subsequent medical care, biopsies , and invasive procedures associated with follow-up from abnormal cervical screening, thus helping to reduce health care costs and anxieties related to follow-up procedures As the incidence of cervical cancer has declined in the United States, due mainly to cervical cancer screening, the incidence of HPV-associated oropharyngeal , vulvar , and anal cancers has been increasing Indeed, analyses of data for — found that HPV caused more oropharyngeal cancers than cervical cancers in the United States 2.

There are no formal screening programs for the non-cervical cancers, so universal HPV vaccination could have a large public health impact. More than 12 years of safety monitoring show that the vaccines have caused no serious side effects. The most common problems have been brief soreness and other local symptoms at the injection site.

These problems are similar to those commonly experienced with other vaccines. The rates of adverse side effects were consistent with what was seen in safety studies carried out before the vaccine was approved and were similar to those seen with other vaccines.

The most recent safety data review for HPV vaccines continues to indicate that these vaccines are safe 29 , Syncope fainting is sometimes observed with Gardasil, as with other vaccines. Falls after fainting may sometimes cause serious injuries, such as head injuries. These can largely be prevented by keeping the person seated for up to 15 minutes after vaccination. The FDA and CDC have reminded health care providers that, to prevent falls and injuries, all vaccine recipients should remain seated or lying down and be closely observed for 15 minutes after vaccination.

However, these people should be told that the vaccination will not cure them of current HPV infections or treat the abnormal results of their Pap test Although HPV vaccines have been found to be safe when given to people who are already infected with HPV, the vaccines provide maximum benefit if a person receives them before he or she is sexually active 32 , It is likely that someone previously infected with HPV will still get some residual benefit from vaccination, even if he or she has already been infected with one or more of the HPV types included in the vaccines.

Because HPV vaccines do not protect against all HPV types that can cause cancer, women who have been vaccinated are advised to follow the same screening recommendations as unvaccinated women. There could be future changes in screening recommendations for vaccinated women. Most private insurance plans cover HPV vaccination. The federal Affordable Care Act requires most private insurance plans to cover recommended preventive services including HPV vaccination with no copay or deductible.

Medicaid covers HPV vaccination in accordance with ACIP recommendations, and immunizations are a mandatory service under Medicaid for eligible individuals under age In addition, the federal Vaccines for Children Program provides immunization services for children younger than 19 years who are Medicaid eligible, uninsured, underinsured, or Native American or Alaska Native. Merck, the manufacturer of Gardasil 9, offers the Merck Vaccine Patient Assistance Program , which provides Gardasil 9 for free to people aged 19 to 45 years who live in the United States, do not have health insurance, and have an annual household income less than a certain amount.

If a single dose of HPV vaccine were effective, that would be an important advance. A large observational study using national data from women across Australia found that one dose of HPV vaccine was as effective as two or three doses in preventing high-grade cervical lesions An analysis of data from a community-based clinical trial of Cervarix in Costa Rica, found that even one dose of the vaccine caused the body to produce approximately nine times more antibodies against HPV than the body produces in response to a natural HPV infection, and those antibody levels persisted for 11 years In addition, the rates of HPV infection remained low for at least 10 years The ESCUDDO study , a randomized double-blind controlled trial involving 20, girls ages 12—16 years, is testing whether one dose of either Cervarix or Gardasil 9 is as effective as two doses at preventing persistent cervical infection with HPV.

Another prevention strategy that is being explored is topical microbicides. Carrageenan, a compound that is extracted from a type of seaweed and used widely in foods and other products, has been found to inhibit HPV infection in laboratory studies.

An interim analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial showed that consistent use of a lubricant gel that contains carrageenan reduced the risk of genital HPV infection in healthy women Researchers are working to develop therapeutic HPV vaccines, which instead of preventing HPV infection would prevent cancer from developing among women previously infected with HPV 37 — These vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to specifically target and kill infected cells.

Ongoing clinical trials are testing the safety and efficacy of a therapeutic DNA vaccine to treat HPV-related cervical and vulvar lesions.

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